تغيير منهج+ Network قريبا
كتـب المقال أحمد جوده
أعلنت شركة CompTia أنها بصدد تغيير منهج + Network نظرا للتطور الكبير في الشبكات وخصوصا الشبكات الاسلكية
وان الامتحان الجديد سوف يكون متوافرا في الجزء الاول من سنة 2009
وفيما يلي سرد لموضوعات التي تحتويها الشهاده الجديده
The CompTIA Network+ (2009 Edition) Exam Objectives
1.0 Network Technologies
1.1 Explain the function of common networking protocols
• TCP
• FTP
• UDP
• TCP/IP suite
• DHCP
• TFTP
• DNS
• HTTP(S)
• ARP
• SIP (VoIP)
• RTP (VoIP)
• SSH
• POP3
• NTP
• IMAP4
• Telnet
• SMTP
• SNMP2/3
• ICMP
• IGMP
• TLS
1.2 Identify commonly used TCP and UDP default ports
TCP ports
• FTP – 20, 21
• SSH – 22
• TELNET – 23
• SMTP – 25
• DNS – 53
• HTTP – 80
• POP3 – 110
• NTP – 123
• IMAP4 – 143
• HTTPS – 443
UDP ports
• TFTP – 69
• DNS – 53
• BOOTPS/DHCP – 67
• SNMP – 161
1.3 Identify the following address formats
• IPv6
• IPv4
• MAC addressing
1.4 Given a scenario, evaluate the proper use of the following addressing
technologies and addressing schemes Addressing Technologies
• Subnetting
• Classful vs. classless (e.g. CIDR, Supernetting)
• NAT
• PAT
• SNAT
• Public vs. private
• DHCP (static, dynamic APIPA)
Addressing schemes
• Unicast
• Multicast
• Broadcast
1.5 Identify common IPv4 and IPv6 routing protocols
Link state
• OSPF
• IS-IS
Distance vector
• RIP
• RIPv2
• BGP
Hybrid
• EIGRP
1.6 Explain the purpose and properties of routing
• IGP vs. EGP
• Static vs. dynamic
• Next hop
• Understanding routing tables and how they pertain to path selection
• Explain convergence (steady state)
1.7 Compare the characteristics of wireless communication standards
• 802.11 a/b/g/n
o Speeds
o Distance
o Channels
o Frequency
• Authentication and encryption
o WPA
o WEP
o RADIUS
o TKIP
2.0 Network Media and Topologies
2.1 Categorize standard cable types and their properties
Type:
• CAT3, CAT5, CAT5e, CAT6
• STP, UTP
• Multimode fiber, single-mode fiber
• Coaxial
o RG-59
o RG-6
• Serial
• Plenum vs. Non-plenum
Properties:
• Transmission speeds
• Distance
• Duplex
• Noise immunity (security, EMI)
• Frequency
2.2 Identify common connector types
• RJ-11
• RJ-45
• BNC
• SC
• ST
• LC
• RS-232
2.3 Identify common physical network topologies
• Star
• Mesh
• Bus
• Ring
• Point to point
• Point to multipoint
• Hybrid
2.4 Given a scenario, differentiate and implement appropriate wiring standards
• 568A
• 568B
• Straight vs. cross-over
• Rollover
• Loopback
2.5 Categorize WAN technology types and properties
Type:
• Frame relay
• E1/T1
• ADSL
• SDSL
• VDSL
• Cable modem
• Satellite
• E3/T3
• OC-x
• Wireless
• ATM
• SONET
• MPLS
• ISDN BRI
• ISDN PRI
• POTS
• PSTN Properties
Circuit switch
• Packet switch
• Speed
• Transmission media
• Distance
2.6 Categorize LAN technology types and properties
Types:
• Ethernet
• 10BaseT
• 100BaseTX
• 100BaseFX
• 1000BaseT
• 1000BaseX
• 10GBaseSR
• 10GBaseLR
• 10GBaseER
• 10GBaseSW
• 10GBaseLW
• 10GBaseEW
• 10GBaseT
Properties
• CSMA/CD
• Broadcast
• Collision
• Bonding
• Speed
• Distance
2.7 Explain common logical network topologies and their characteristics
• Peer to peer
• Client/server
• VPN
• VLAN
2.8 Install components of wiring distribution
• Vertical and horizontal cross connects
• Patch panels
• 66 block
• MDFs
• IDFs
• 25 pair
• 100 pair
• 110 block
• Demarc
• Demarc extension
• Smart jack
• Verify wiring installation
• Verify wiring termination
3.0 Network Devices
3.1 Install, configure and differentiate between common network devices
• Hub
• Repeater
• Modem
• NIC
• Media converters
• Basic switch
• Bridge
• Wireless access point
• Basic router
• Basic firewall
• Basic DHCP server
3.2 Identify the functions of specialized network devices
• Multilayer switch
• Content switch
• IDS/IPS
• Load balancer
• Multifunction network devices
• DNS server
• Bandwidth shaper
• Proxy server
• CSU/DSU
3.3 Explain the advanced features of a switch
• PoE
• Spanning tree
• VLAN
• Trunking
• Port mirroring
• Port authentication
3.4 Implement a basic wireless network
• Install client
• Access point placement
• Install access point
o Configure appropriate encryption
o Configure channels and frequencies
o Set ESSID and beacon
• Verify installation
4.0 Network Management
4.1 Explain the function of each layer of the OSI model
• Layer 1 – physical
• Layer 2 – data link
• Layer 3 – network
• Layer 4 – transport
• Layer 5 – session
• Layer 6 – presentation
• Layer 7 – application
4.2 Identify types of configuration management documentation
• Wiring schematics
• Physical and logical network diagrams
• Baselines
• Policies, procedures and configurations
• Regulations
4.3 Given a scenario, evaluate the network based on configuration management
documentation
• Compare wiring schematics, physical and logical network diagrams,
baselines, policies and procedures and configurations to network devices
and infrastructure
• Update wiring schematics, physical and logical network diagrams,
configurations and job logs as needed
4.4 Conduct network monitoring to identify performance and connectivity issues
using the following:
• Network monitoring utilities (e.g. packet sniffers, connectivity software, load
testing, throughput testers)
• System logs, history logs, event logs
4.5 Explain different methods and rationales for network performance
optimization
Methods:
• QoS
• Traffic shaping
• Load balancing
• High availability
• Caching engines
• Fault tolerance
Reasons:
• Latency sensitivity
• High bandwidth applications
o VoIP
o Video applications
• Uptime
4.6 Given a scenario, implement the following network troubleshooting
methodology
• Information gathering – identify symptoms and problems
• Identify the affected areas of the network
• Determine if anything has changed
• Establish the most probable cause
• Determine if escalation is necessary
• Create an action plan and solution identifying potential effects
• Implement and test the solution
• Identify the results and effects of the solution
• Document the solution and the entire process
4.7 Given a scenario, troubleshoot common connectivity issues and select an
appropriate solution Physical issues:
• Cross talk
• Nearing crosstalk
• Near End crosstalk
• Attenuation
• Collisions
• Shorts
• Open impedance mismatch (echo)
• Interference
Logical issues:
• Port speed
• Port duplex mismatch
• Incorrect VLAN
• Incorrect IP address
• Wrong gateway
• Wrong DNS
• Wrong subnet mask
Issues that should be identified but escalated:
o Switching loop
o Routing loop
o Route problems
o Proxy arp
o Broadcast storms
Wireless Issues:
o Interference (bleed, environmental factors)
o Incorrect encryption
o Incorrect channel
o Incorrect frequency
o ESSID mismatch
o Standard mismatch (802.11 a/b/g/n)
o Distance
o Bounce
o Incorrect antenna placement
5.0 Network Tools
5.1 Given a scenario, select the appropriate command line interface tool and
interpret the output to verify functionality
• Traceroute
• Ipconfig
• Ifconfig
• Ping
• Arp ping
• Arp
• Nslookup
• Hostname
• Dig
• Mtr
• Route
• Nbtstat
• Netstat
5.2 Explain the purpose of network scanners
• Packet sniffers
• Intrusion detection software
• Intrusion prevention software
• Port scanners
5.3 Given a scenario, utilize the appropriate hardware tools
• Cable testers
• Protocol analyzer
• Certifiers
• TDR
• OTDR
• Multimeter
• Toner probe
• Butt set
• Punch down tool
• Cable stripper
• Snips
• Voltage event recorder
• Temperature monitor
6.0 Network Security
6.1 Explain the function of hardware and software security devices
• Network based firewall
• Host based firewall
• IDS
• IPS
• VPN concentrator
6.2 Explain common features of a firewall
• Application layer vs. network layer
• Stateful vs. stateless
• Scanning services
• Content filtering
• Signature identification
• Zones
6.3 Explain the methods of network access security
Filtering:
• ACL
o MAC filtering
o IP filtering
• Tunneling and encryption
o SSL VPN
o VPN
o L2TP
o PPTP
o IPSEC
• Remote access
o RAS
o RDP
o PPPoE
o PPP
o VNC
o ICA
6.4 Explain methods of user authentication
• PKI
• Kerberos
• AAA
o RADIUS
o TACACS+
• Network access control
o 802.1x
• CHAP
• MS-CHAP
• EAP
6.5 Explain issues that affect device security
• Physical security
• Restricting local and remote access
• Secure methods vs. unsecure methods
o SSH, HTTPS, SNMPv3, SFTP, SCP
o TELNET, HTTP, FTP, RSH, RCP, SNMPv1/2
6.6 Identify common security threats and mitigation techniques
Security threats
• DoS
• Viruses
• Worms
• Attackers
• Man in the middle
• Smurf
• Rogue access points
• Social engineering (phishing)
Mitigation techniques
• Policies and procedures
• User training
• Patches and updates
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