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https://parameg.net/answers/showthread.php?t=43
What is FireWall client, SecureNAT client and Web Proxy
Client?
Firewall Client
the Firewall Client, which was developed by the ISA Server team at Microsoft, is installed as part of client workstation setup. The Firewall Client participates in Internet-related network traffic in the following way. Requests from firewall clients are directed to the Firewall service on the ISA Server computer to determine whether access is allowed. Subsequently, they may be filtered by application filters and other add-ins. If the firewall client requests a Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) object, the HTTP redirector redirects the request to the Web Proxy service. The Web Proxy service may also cache the requested object, or serve the object from the ISA Server cache.
SecureNAT client
SecureNAT clients are computers that do not have Firewall Client installed. Requests from SecureNAT clients are directed first to the NAT driver, which substitutes a valid Internet global IP address for the internal IP address of the SecureNAT client. The client request is then directed to the Firewall service to determine whether access is allowed. Finally, the request may be filtered by application filters and other extensions. If the SecureNAT client requests an HTTP object, the HTTP redirector redirects the request to the Web Proxy service. The Web Proxy service may also cache the requested object, or deliver the object from the ISA Server cache.
Web Proxy clients are any CERN-compatible Web application, such as a business application using the Web for data updates. Requests from Web Proxy clients are directed to the Web Proxy service on the ISA Server computer to determine whether access is allowed. The Web Proxy service may also cache the requested object, or serve the object from the ISA Server cache.
Note Both Firewall Client computers and SecureNAT client computers might also be Web Proxy clients. By default, this is the case with client workstations on a Small Business network. If the Web application on the computer is configured explicitly to use the ISA Server, all Web requests (HTTP, File Transfer Protocol [FTP], and Hypertext Transport Protocol Secure [HTTPS]) are sent directly to the Web Proxy service. All other requests are handled first by the Firewall service
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