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Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP
EAP is the transport mechanism used in 802.1x to authenticate supplicants against a backend
data store, typically a RADIUS server. EAP was initially defined in RFC 2284 as a general
authentication framework running over Layer 2 Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP). In RFC
3748, the EAP definition has been updated to include IEEE 802 as a link layer. The IEEE
802 encapsulation of EAP does not involve PPP, and IEEE 802.1X does not include support
for link or network layer negotiations. As a result, within IEEE 802.1X, it is not possible
to negotiate non-EAP authentication mechanisms, such as Password Authentication
Protocol (PAP) or Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP), without specialized
tunneling support. EAP does not select a specific authentication mechanism during
the link layer phase but rather postpones it until the authentication phase.