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Table 18: OSI Reference Model Layer Summary Group # Layer Name Key Responsibilities Data Type Handled Scope Common Protocols and Technologies Lower Layers 1 Physical Encoding and Signaling; Physical Data Transmission; Hardware Specifications; Topology and Design Bits Electrical or light signals sent between local devices (Physical layers of most of the technologies listed for the data link layer) 2 Data Link Logical Link Control; Media Access Control; Data Framing; Addressing; Error Detection and Handling; Defining Requirements of Physical Layer Frames Low-level data messages between local devices IEEE 802.2 LLC, Ethernet Family; Token Ring; FDDI and CDDI; IEEE 802.11 (WLAN, Wi-Fi); HomePNA; HomeRF; ATM; SLIP and PPP 3 Network Logical Addressing; Routing; Datagram Encapsulation; Fragmentation and Reassembly; Error Handling and Diagnostics Datagrams / Packets Messages between local or remote devices IP; IPv6; IP NAT; IPsec; Mobile IP; ICMP; IPX; DLC; PLP; Routing protocols such as RIP and BGP 4 Transport Process-Level Addressing; Multiplexing/Demultiplexing; Connections; Segmentation and Reassembly;
Acknowledgments and Retransmissions;
Flow ControlDatagrams / Segments Communication between software processes TCP and UDP; SPX; NetBEUI/NBF Upper Layers 5 Session Session Establishment, Management and Termination Sessions Sessions between local or remote devices NetBIOS, Sockets, Named Pipes, RPC 6 Presentation Data Translation; Compression and Encryption Encoded User Data Application data representations SSL; Shells and Redirectors; MIME 7 Application User Application Services User Data Application data DNS; NFS; BOOTP; DHCP; SNMP; RMON; FTP; TFTP; SMTP; POP3; IMAP; NNTP; HTTP; Telnet
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